Thus, the fraction of the incident light intensity that is transmitted through the two polarizers is f r a c 1 4. Hence,įraction = f r a c I t I = f r a c f r a c 1 4 I I = f r a c 1 4 (b) If we remove the middle filter, for the last filter we now have that 90. in region C the intensity is (0.375 I 0.0938 I and the light is horizontally polarized. To find the fraction of the transmitted intensity with respect to the initial intensity, we divide I t by I. In region B the intensity is (I, 0.375 I, and the light is polarized along the axis of the second polarizer. Malus' Law is a fundamental principle in the field of optics and plays a significant role in various applications. I t = l e f t ( f r a c 1 2 I r i g h t ) c d o t l e f t ( f r a c 1 2 r i g h t ) I t = f r a c 1 4 I The Malus Law calculator is a tool used to determine the intensity (or brightness) of light that passes through a polarizer based on the angle between the orientation of the polarizing filter and the direction of the incident light. Now, we need to replace I ′ in the above equation with f r a c 1 2 I. Step 4: Finding the Fraction of Transmitted Intensity Relative to Initial Intensity I t = I ′ c d o t l e f t ( f r a c 1 s q r t 2 r i g h t ) 2 Recalling that cos 2 ˘ 0614 5 c i rc = f r a c 1 s q r t 2, we substitute this into the last equation: I t = I ′ c d o t co s 2 2 ˘ 0614 5 c i rc To find the transmitted intensity after the second polarizer, we use Malus' law: Now the light is polarized and passes through the second polarizer with the axis at 4 5 c i rc to the first polarizer's axis. Step 3: Polarized Light through the Second Polarizer So, after passing through the first polarizer, the intensity becomes I ′ = f r a c 1 2 I, where I is the initial incident intensity and I ′ is the intensity after the first polarizer. When unpolarized light passes through a polarizer, half of the unpolarized light gets absorbed and the light gets polarized with the remaining half intensity. Plugging in the correct values for intensity and angle, we get the equation. Step 2: Unpolarized Light through the First Polarizer We know that the formula to calculate the intensity of the polarized wave is I t I 0 cos 2. It is given by the formula: I t = I i c d o t co s 2 2 ˘ 061 t h e t a, where I t is the transmitted intensity, I i is the initial intensity, and t h e t a is the angle between the polarization axis of the polarizer and the initial polarization direction. Malus' law is a formula which gives us the intensity of the transmitted light through a polarizer.
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